The main goal of venturing into Vault 81 in Fallout 4 is to complete a mission which will eventually almost just grant you the Medicine Bobblehead. The core quest line here is "Here Kitty, Kitty" where you will need to find a lost girl's cat and then assist in curing a young boy from a mysterious infection.
This will then lead you through a series of hallways across an older section of the vault, once at the end you will meet a friendly possible companion with the Medicine Bobblehead being found on a desk in the same room. The real reason for this guide is to warn about a glitch which could save you ten health points. That's in the quest you complete will cause a permanent -10 health points if you're hit by one of the creatures found within the vault.
The trick is to create a save point just outside the health clinic within vault 81. Once this is done go forward to the guy and talk to him about giving the antidote you collected through the quest. As soon as you click the prompt to say the boy can have it back up while mashing your Pipboy button to pull it up. From there either have it pre-ready or scroll down and click the antidote. If done correctly it will use the antidote on you and the boy will also receive it. If it didn't work, just reset the save. Hope this helps and saves you some health points!
Check out our Fallout 4 Review
Fallout 4 Settlement Guide
The location of the Fallout 4: Vault 81